要命还是要灵魂 – The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman

本书讲述了一个在美老挝裔家庭为女儿寻医治病的真实故事。黎亚一家是苗族难民，1980年从老挝移民到美国。黎亚大约三个月大时，突发癫痫，被母亲抱着来到默塞德医院求诊。不通苗语的急诊医生将黎亚误诊为“初期支气管肺炎”，开了药后便请他们离开。在以后的岁月中，黎亚频繁地进出医院，在被专业医生确诊后，她的情况依然不见好转。医生发现，黎亚的父母根本没有按指示给黎亚服药。

在苗族，癫痫被认为是一种光彩的病，代表此人受到神召，所以黎亚特别受父母疼爱。黎亚的父母更相信苗族传统的治疗方式，他们认为医生开的药不仅不能治病，反而会致病。在黎亚病情越发严重时，他们已经无法信任医生能够治好黎亚。

双方言语不通，所处的文化背景也不同，西方医学要“生命”，而苗族文化要“灵魂”，语言和文化的隔阂导致一次次医病沟通沦为徒劳。

作者一方面以温情细腻的语言记述故事经过，另一方面以人类学的笔法理性地论述在美苗族的民俗文化、过往经历与生活现状，两部分如蒙太奇般穿插进行，如纪录片般展现了一个关于生命与爱的故事，同时编织出一幅生动壮丽的群像。

Winner of the National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction

When three-month-old Lia Lee arrived at the county hospital emergency room in Merced, California, a chain of events was set in motion from which neither she nor her parents nor her doctors would ever recover. Lia’s parents, Foua and Nao Kao, were part of a large Hmong community in Merced, refugees from the CIA-run “Quiet War” in Laos. The Hmong, traditionally a close-knit people, have been less amenable to assimilation than most immigrants, adhering steadfastly to the rituals and beliefs of their ancestors. Lia’s pediatricians, Neil Ernst and his wife, Peggy Philip, cleaved just as strongly to another tradition: that of Western medicine.

When Lia Lee entered the American medical system, diagnosed as an epileptic, her story became a tragic case history of cultural miscommunication. Parents and doctors both wanted the best for Lia, but their ideas about the causes of her illness and its treatment could hardly have been more different. The Hmong see illness and healing as spiritual matters linked to virtually everything in the universe while medical community marks a division between body and soul and concerns itself almost exclusively with the former.

Lia’s doctors ascribed her seizures to the misfiring of her cerebral neurons; her parents called her illness qaug dab peg – the spirit catches you and you fall down – and ascribed it to the wandering of her soul. The doctors prescribed anticonvulsants; her parents preferred animal sacrifices.

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