文字的力量 – The Written World: The Power of Stories to Shape People, History, Civilization by Martin Puchner

文学不仅仅是世界的镜子，它塑造世界的力量胜过千军万马。

《文字的力量》从4000多年的世界文学中挑选出16部尤为重要的经典作品，有《伊利亚特》《圣经》《源氏物语》《一千零一夜》《共产党宣言》，还有《哈利•波特》，让我们看到文字如何塑造哲学、宗教、政治与文明——

一部英雄传奇，催促亚历山大帝不断征服，直至他治下的土地都浸染上那部传奇的色彩；几个不听话的学生的记录，让他们老师的教诲将在数千年后影响数十亿人；一册薄薄的宣言，彻底改变了世界的格局……

随着这些伟大的作品，帝国兴衰、文明起落，历史在文字的锤击下被铸成我们今日所见的样子。

这些故事关于青年英雄、优雅的东方女官、浪漫骑士，关于阿拉伯芬芳的集市、加勒比海绿色的海岛，关于莎草纸、羊皮纸与印刷机，关于传承智慧与创造未来。文学有时是雍容平静的，曾在东方宫廷中的少数贵族间被小心传递，有时又化身为人们抨击彼此时投掷的飞刀，以激情与怒火豁开革命的口子。而正是多彩的文学，改变了人类的思维方式、商业与历史，把地球变成了一个文字的世界。

哈佛大学教授马丁•普克纳带我们踏上一场文学朝圣之旅，游历希腊、中国、土耳其与印度的文学狂欢节，与诺贝尔文学奖得主奥尔罕•帕慕克交流，与当地居民对话，书中世界与现实世界一再重合，让我们看到——文学，它至今依然生机勃勃地与文明相互作用着。

In this groundbreaking book, Martin Puchner leads us on a remarkable journey through time and around the globe to reveal the powerful role stories and literature have played in creating the world we have today. Puchner introduces us to numerous visionaries as he explores sixteen foundational texts selected from more than four thousand years of world literature and reveals how writing has inspired the rise and fall of empires and nations, the spark of philosophical and political ideas, and the birth of religious beliefs. Indeed, literature has touched the lives of generations and changed the course of history.

At the heart of this book are works, some long-lost and rediscovered, that have shaped civilization: the first written masterpiece, the Epic of Gilgamesh; Ezra’s Hebrew Bible, created as scripture; the teachings of Buddha, Confucius, Socrates, and Jesus; and the first great novel in world literature, The Tale of Genji, written by a Japanese woman known as Murasaki. Visiting Baghdad, Puchner tells of Scheherazade and the stories of One Thousand and One Nights, and in the Americas we watch the astonishing survival of the Maya epic Popol Vuh. Cervantes, who invented the modern novel, battles pirates both real (when he is taken prisoner) and literary (when a fake sequel to Don Quixote is published). We learn of Benjamin Franklin’s pioneering work as a media entrepreneur, watch Goethe discover world literature in Sicily, and follow the rise in influence of The Communist Manifesto. We visit Troy, Pergamum, and China, and we speak with Nobel laureates Derek Walcott in the Caribbean and Orhan Pamuk in Istanbul, as well as the wordsmiths of the oral epic Sunjata in West Africa.

Throughout The Written World, Puchner’s delightful narrative also chronicles the inventions—writing technologies, the printing press, the book itself—that have shaped religion, politics, commerce, people, and history. In a book that Elaine Scarry has praised as “unique and spellbinding,” Puchner shows how literature turned our planet into a written world.

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