随着中国实力的迅速提升，美国长久以来拥有的全球优势地位受到了挑战。从历史的角度来看，《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》中雅典和斯巴达的战争历史，对理解当下中美关系的发展至关重要。修昔底德在书中指出，“使战争不可避免的真正原因是雅典势力的增长以及因此而引起的斯巴达的恐惧”，艾利森将此定义为“修昔底德陷阱”。 本书聚焦崛起中的中国对于美国及全球秩序的影响这一问题，对历史上16个崛起国与守成国进行全球竞争的案例和战争场景进行分析，指出中美之间的冲突是可以避免的。
作者认为，修昔底德陷阱是一个结构性压力，在现今中国和美国都提出让各自的国家“再次伟大”的时代背景下，两国妥善处理在关键领域的利益分歧，可避免灾难性战争的发生。同时，作者在书中还为中美如何避免发生战争冲突提供了12个具有借鉴意义的方法。
War with China is much more likely than anyone thinks.
When Athens went to war with Sparta some 2,500 years ago, the Greek historian Thucydides identified one simple cause: A rising power threatened to displace a ruling one. As the eminent Harvard scholar Graham Allison explains, in the past 500 years, great powers have found themselves in “Thucydides’s Trap” 16 times. In 12 of the 16 – from war between the French and the Habsburgs in the 16th century to the two world wars of the 20th – the results have been catastrophic. Today, the same structural forces propel China and the United States toward a cataclysm of unseen proportions, even as both sides insist that such a war could never occur.
In Destined for War, Allison compares the US-China conflict to its closest parallel: World War I. There, a rising Germany threatened the supremacy of the British Empire. He sketches several scenarios in which America and China might slide, against their intent and better judgment, into a similar conflict. But he also examines the rare instances when two clashing powers have avoided disaster. Can our current standoff be one of those exceptions? Allison’s answer is essential listening for our age and ages to come.
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