小说的主人公是一位自称名叫田村卡夫卡——作者始终未交代其真名——的少年。他在十五岁生日前夜独自离家出走，乘坐夜行长途巴士远赴四国。出走的原因是为了逃避父亲所作的比俄底浦斯王还要可怕的预言：尔将弑父，将与尔母、尔姐交合。卡夫卡四岁时，母亲突然失踪，带走了比卡夫卡年长四岁、其实是田村家养女的姐姐，不知何故却将亲生儿子抛弃。他从未见过母亲的照片，甚至连名字也不知道。仿佛是运命在冥冥之中引导，他偶然来到某私立图书馆，遂栖身于此。馆长佐伯女士是位四十多岁气质高雅的美妇，有着波澜曲折的神秘身世。卡夫卡疑心她是自己的生母，佐伯却对此不置可否。卡夫卡恋上了佐伯，并与之发生肉体关系。
小说还另设一条副线，副线的主角是老人中田，他在二战期间读小学时，经历过一次神秘的昏迷事件，从此丧失了记忆，将学过的知识完全忘记，甚至不会认字计数，却获得了与猫对话的神秘能力。中田在神智失控的情况下杀死了一个自称焦尼·沃卡（Johnny Walker）、打扮得酷似那著名威士忌酒商标上所画的英国绅士的狂人，一路搭车也来到此地。小说共分49章，奇数章基本上用写实手法讲述卡夫卡的故事，偶数章则用魔幻手法展现中田的奇遇。两种手法交互使用，编织出极富强烈虚构色彩的、奇幻诡诘的现代寓言。佐伯是将这两个故事联结为一体的结合点，而弑父的预言似乎最终也未能避免，因为狂人焦尼·沃卡居然是卡夫卡生父乔装改扮的，真正的凶手也并非中田……
Kafka on the Shore, a tour de force of metaphysical reality, is powered by two remarkable characters: a teenage boy, Kafka Tamura, who runs away from home either to escape a gruesome oedipal prophecy or to search for his long-missing mother and sister; and an aging simpleton called Nakata, who never recovered from a wartime affliction and now is drawn toward Kafka for reasons that, like the most basic activities of daily life, he cannot fathom. Their odyssey, as mysterious to them as it is to us, is enriched throughout by vivid accomplices and mesmerizing events.
Cats and people carry on conversations, a ghostlike pimp employs a Hegel-quoting prostitute, a forest harbors soldiers apparently unaged since World War II, and rainstorms of fish (and worse) fall from the sky. There is a brutal murder, with the identity of both victim and perpetrator a riddle—yet this, along with everything else, is eventually answered, just as the entwined destinies of Kafka and Nakata are gradually revealed, with one escaping his fate entirely and the other given a fresh start on his own.
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