智慧社会 – Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread— The Lessons from a New Science by Alex Pentland

●如果要在大数据领域推举出一个代表性的科学家，阿莱克斯·彭特兰是一个无法令人忽略的名字。经过数年极具开创性的研究，社会物理学这个全新科学领域的根基已足够深厚。社会物理学是关于想法流的科学，正是在想法流的帮助下，我们才得以提高集体智能，促进智慧社会的形成。

● 通过研究数以百万计的人在智能手机、GPS设备、互联网等地方留下的“数字面包屑”，大数据的应用已成为一股无法被忽视的力量。在大数据的应用中，重要的是目睹人们实际做了什么，而不是听他们说自己做了什么。如果运用恰当的社会网络激励，我们将能够切实提高生产率，实现更高效的沟通。

●彭特兰的研究发现，我们可以在不知道任何信息的具体内容的情况下，只通过研究社会网络中的信息交换模式获得惊人的生产力提升和预测准确率提高。不管是家庭、公司这样的小团体，还是城市、国家这样的大团体，都可以通过对社会网络的调整，大大提高思想流，让我们用一种全新的方式看待生活本身。

From one of the world’s leading data scientists, a landmark tour of the new science of idea flow, offering revolutionary insights into the mysteries of collective intelligence and social influence.

If the Big Data revolution has a presiding genius, it is MIT’s Alex “Sandy” Pentland. Over years of groundbreaking experiments, he has distilled remarkable discoveries significant enough to become the bedrock of a whole new scientific field: social physics.

Humans have more in common with bees than we like to admit: We’re social creatures first and foremost. Our most important habits of action – and most basic notions of common sense – are wired into us through our coordination in social groups. Social physics is about idea flow, the way human social networks spread ideas and transform those ideas into behaviors.

Thanks to the millions of digital bread crumbs people leave behind via smartphones, GPS devices, and the Internet, the amount of new information we have about human activity is truly profound. Until now, sociologists have depended on limited data sets and surveys that tell us how people say they think and behave, rather than what they actually do. As a result, we’ve been stuck with the same stale social structures – classes, markets – and a focus on individual actors, data snapshots, and steady states. Pentland shows that, in fact, humans respond much more powerfully to social incentives that involve rewarding others and strengthening the ties that bind than incentives that involve only their own economic self-interest.

Pentland and his teams have found that they can study patterns of information exchange in a social network without any knowledge of the actual content of the information and predict with stunning accuracy how productive and effective that network is, whether it’s a business or an entire city. We can maximize a group’s collective intelligence to improve performance and use social incentives to create new organizations and guide them through disruptive change in a way that maximizes the good. At every level of interaction, from small groups to large cities, social networks can be tuned to increase exploration and engagement, thus vastly improving idea flow.

Social Physics will change the way we think about how we learn and how our social groups work – and can be made to work better, at every level of society. Pentland leads listeners to the edge of the most important revolution in the study of social behavior in a generation, an entirely new way to look at life itself.

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